Chapter 6: Support, Movement & Growth

Content Standard:
Movement and Human Growth

Learning Standard:
Explain the functions of joints and muscles in movement

Learning Activities:

Good morning students. Welcome back from your school holiday. We are going to continue our lesson about support, movement and growth. If you have your Science textbook with you, turn to page 128 - 129. Today we are going to learn about human movement and growth. 

In the previous lesson, you have learnt about human skeletal system. You also have drawn the human skeletal system. These are some of the best drawing of human skeletal system.

By Albright 4B

By Bethanysha 4B

By Vivian 4B

The skeletal system and muscles enable humans to move. Skeletal muscles contract and relax to produce movement. They act in pairs and in opposite direction to one another that is known as antagonistic muscles. 

Diagram 1: Antagonistic movement of muscles to bend and straighten the arm

This movement is very important because it enables humans to walk, jump, run, swim and etc. Now let us watch this video.

Now let's move on to the functions of joints and muscles in movement. The joint is the meeting place between two or more bones. There are two types of joint.

1. Immovable joint - joint that does not allow the limbs to move e.g joint at the skull

Diagram 2: Immovable skull joint

2. Moveable joint - joint that allows the limbs to move e.g hinge joint at the elbow

Diagram 3: Hinge joint

Now watch this video to understand more about hinge joint.

Exercise: 

Answer the questions below in a foolscap paper/ A4 paper. Please refer to your textbook/ reference book/ Internet or any sources to help you to answer this question.

1. Explain the antagonistic movement of muscles in the arm. 

2. Explain the function of ligament, synovial fluid and tendon at the joint.

3. Explain what are the causes of muscle cramps and ways to prevent it from happening.

Submit your answer via the link below.

https://script.google.com/macros/s/AKfycbyfd7ziRJYsvUEOX04Y8B5d7OmFjavXwh_0z9xq39-juavW_Cw/exec

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References: 

1. https://www.quora.com/How-do-agonist-and-antagonist-muscle-pairs-work-together-in-weight-lifting
2. https://www.eorthopod.com/eorthopodV3/index.php?ID=57dd4157f9f946ff9d8c512ba8a92e6b&disp_type=topic_detail&area=47&topic_id=34857ee6e5e248055b714e7077a732b6
3. https://biology.homeomagnet.com/bone-joint/
4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R9LhQxnOqTQ
5. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u8ni-b8uyzU